CERNER CORP /MO/ | 2013 | FY | 3

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill were as follows:
(In thousands)
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
Beginning Balance
$
247,616

 
$
211,826

Goodwill recorded in connection with business acquisitions
59,570

 
35,281

Foreign currency translation adjustment and other
236

 
509

 
 
 
 
Ending Balance
$
307,422

 
$
247,616



Our intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized on a straight-line basis, and are summarized as follows:
 
2013
 
2012
(In thousands)
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased software
$
168,798

 
$
89,691

 
$
153,330

 
$
67,178

Customer lists
100,909

 
68,094

 
90,376

 
62,403

Other
45,915

 
13,705

 
27,296

 
9,376

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
315,622

 
$
171,490

 
$
271,002

 
$
138,957

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangible assets, net
 
 
$
144,132

 
 
 
$
132,045



Amortization expense for 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $32.9 million, $20.3 million and $14.7 million, respectively.

Estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five years is as follows:
(In thousands)
 
 
 
2014
$
33,371

2015
30,930

2016
26,364

2017
19,625

2018
5,387

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