| 2013 | FY |

Fair Value Measurements

Under applicable accounting guidance, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Corporation determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established under applicable accounting guidance which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs used to measure fair value. The Corporation conducts a review of its fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Transfers into or out of fair value hierarchy classifications are made if the significant inputs used in the financial models measuring the fair values of the assets and liabilities became unobservable or observable, respectively, in the current marketplace. These transfers are considered to be effective as of the beginning of the quarter in which they occur. For more information regarding the fair value hierarchy and how the Corporation measures fair value, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles. The Corporation accounts for certain financial instruments under the fair value option. For additional information, see Note 21 – Fair Value Option.

Valuation Processes and Techniques

The Corporation has various processes and controls in place to ensure that fair value is reasonably estimated. A model validation policy governs the use and control of valuation models used to estimate fair value. This policy requires review and approval of models by personnel who are independent of the front office, and periodic reassessments of models to ensure that they are continuing to perform as designed. In addition, detailed reviews of trading gains and losses are conducted on a daily basis by personnel who are independent of the front office. A price verification group, which is also independent of the front office, utilizes available market information including executed trades, market prices and market-observable valuation model inputs to ensure that fair values are reasonably estimated. The Corporation performs due diligence procedures over third-party pricing service providers in order to support their use in the valuation process. Where market information is not available to support internal valuations, independent reviews of the valuations are performed and any material exposures are escalated through a management review process.

While the Corporation believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

During 2013, there were no changes to the valuation techniques that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Level 1, 2 and 3 Valuation Techniques

Financial instruments are considered Level 1 when the valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 financial instruments are valued using quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or models using inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Financial instruments are considered Level 3 when their values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques, and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable and when determination of the fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Trading Account Assets and Liabilities and Debt Securities

The fair values of trading account assets and liabilities are primarily based on actively traded markets where prices are based on either direct market quotes or observed transactions. The fair values of debt securities are generally based on quoted market prices or market prices for similar assets. Liquidity is a significant factor in the determination of the fair values of trading account assets and liabilities and debt securities. Market price quotes may not be readily available for some positions, or positions within a market sector where trading activity has slowed significantly or ceased. Some of these instruments are valued using a discounted cash flow model, which estimates the fair value of the securities using internal credit risk, interest rate and prepayment risk models that incorporate management’s best estimate of current key assumptions such as default rates, loss severity and prepayment rates. Principal and interest cash flows are discounted using an observable discount rate for similar instruments with adjustments that management believes a market participant would consider in determining fair value for the specific security. Other instruments are valued using a net asset value approach which considers the value of the underlying securities. Underlying assets are valued using external pricing services, where available, or matrix pricing based on the vintages and ratings. Situations of illiquidity generally are triggered by the market’s perception of credit uncertainty regarding a single company or a specific market sector. In these instances, fair value is determined based on limited available market information and other factors, principally from reviewing the issuer’s financial statements and changes in credit ratings made by one or more rating agencies.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities

The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities traded in the OTC market are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs including interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services. When third-party pricing services are used, the methods and assumptions are reviewed by the Corporation. Estimation risk is greater for derivative asset and liability positions that are either option-based or have longer maturity dates where observable market inputs are less readily available, or are unobservable, in which case, quantitative-based extrapolations of rate, price or index scenarios are used in determining fair values. The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities include adjustments for market liquidity, counterparty credit quality and other instrument-specific factors, where appropriate. In addition, the Corporation incorporates within its fair value measurements of OTC derivatives a valuation adjustment to reflect the credit risk associated with the net position. Positions are netted by counterparty, and fair value for net long exposures is adjusted for counterparty credit risk while the fair value for net short exposures is adjusted for the Corporation’s own credit risk. An estimate of severity of loss is also used in the determination of fair value, primarily based on market data.

Loans and Loan Commitments

The fair values of loans and loan commitments are based on market prices, where available, or discounted cash flow analyses using market-based credit spreads of comparable debt instruments or credit derivatives of the specific borrower or comparable borrowers. Results of discounted cash flow analyses may be adjusted, as appropriate, to reflect other market conditions or the perceived credit risk of the borrower.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

The fair values of MSRs are determined using models that rely on estimates of prepayment rates, the resultant weighted-average lives of the MSRs and the option-adjusted spread (OAS) levels. For more information on MSRs, see Note 23 – Mortgage Servicing Rights.

Loans Held-for-sale

The fair values of LHFS are based on quoted market prices, where available, or are determined by discounting estimated cash flows using interest rates approximating the Corporation’s current origination rates for similar loans adjusted to reflect the inherent credit risk.

Private Equity Investments

Private equity investments consist of direct investments and fund investments which are initially valued at their transaction price. Thereafter, the fair value of direct investments is based on an assessment of each individual investment using methodologies that include publicly-traded comparables derived by multiplying a key performance metric (e.g., earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) of the portfolio company by the relevant valuation multiple observed for comparable companies, acquisition comparables, entry level multiples and discounted cash flow analyses, and are subject to appropriate discounts for lack of liquidity or marketability. After initial recognition, the fair value of fund investments is based on the Corporation’s proportionate interest in the fund’s capital as reported by the respective fund managers.

Securities Financing Agreements

The fair values of certain reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements and securities borrowed transactions are determined using quantitative models, including discounted cash flow models that require the use of multiple market inputs including interest rates and spreads to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, and volatility factors. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services.

Deposits

The fair value of deposits are determined using quantitative models, including discounted cash flow models that require the use of multiple market inputs including interest rates and spreads to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, and volatility factors. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services. The Corporation considers the impact of its own credit spreads in the valuation of these liabilities. The credit risk is determined by reference to observable credit spreads in the secondary cash market.

Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt

The Corporation issues structured liabilities that have coupons or repayment terms linked to the performance of debt or equity securities, indices, currencies or commodities. The fair values of these structured liabilities are estimated using quantitative models for the combined derivative and debt portions of the notes. These models incorporate observable and, in some instances, unobservable inputs including security prices, interest rate yield curves, option volatility, currency, commodity or equity rates and correlations among these inputs. The Corporation also considers the impact of its own credit spreads in determining the discount rate used to value these liabilities. The credit spread is determined by reference to observable spreads in the secondary bond market.

Asset-backed Secured Financings

The fair values of asset-backed secured financings are based on external broker bids, where available, or are determined by discounting estimated cash flows using interest rates approximating the Corporation’s current origination rates for similar loans adjusted to reflect the inherent credit risk.

Recurring Fair Value

Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2013 and 2012, including financial instruments which the Corporation accounts for under the fair value option, are summarized in the following tables.




	December 31, 2013
	Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions)	Level 1 ⁽¹⁾		Level 2 ⁽¹⁾		Level 3		Netting Adjustments ⁽²⁾			Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell	$	—	$	75,614	$	—	$	—		$	75,614
Trading account assets:
U.S. government and agency securities ⁽³⁾	34,222		14,625		—		—			48,847
Corporate securities, trading loans and other	1,147		27,746		3,559		—			32,452
Equity securities	41,324		22,741		386		—			64,451
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	24,357		12,399		468		—			37,224
Mortgage trading loans and ABS	—		13,388		4,631		—			18,019
Total trading account assets	101,050		90,899		9,044		—			200,993
Derivative assets ⁽⁴⁾	2,374		910,602		7,277		(872,758		)	47,495
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	6,591		2,363		—		—			8,954
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	—		164,935		—		—			164,935
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations	—		22,492		—		—			22,492
Non-agency residential	—		6,239		—		—			6,239
Commercial	—		2,480		—		—			2,480
Non-U.S. securities	3,698		3,415		107		—			7,220
Corporate/Agency bonds	—		873		—		—			873
Other taxable securities	20		12,963		3,847		—			16,830
Tax-exempt securities	—		5,122		806		—			5,928
Total AFS debt securities	10,309		220,882		4,760		—			235,951
Other debt securities carried at fair value:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	4,062		—		—		—			4,062
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	—		16,500		—		—			16,500
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations	—		218		—		—			218
Commercial	—		749		—		—			749
Non-U.S. securities	7,457		3,858		—		—			11,315
Total other debt securities carried at fair value	11,519		21,325		—		—			32,844
Loans and leases	—		6,985		3,057		—			10,042
Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		5,042		—			5,042
Loans held-for-sale	—		5,727		929		—			6,656
Other assets	14,474		1,912		1,669		—			18,055
Total assets	$	139,726	$	1,333,946	$	31,778	$	(872,758	)	$	632,692
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices	$	—	$	1,899	$	—	$	—		$	1,899
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase	—		33,684		—		—			33,684
Trading account liabilities:
U.S. government and agency securities	26,915		348		—		—			27,263
Equity securities	23,874		3,711		—		—			27,585
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	20,755		1,387		—		—			22,142
Corporate securities and other	518		5,926		35		—			6,479
Total trading account liabilities	72,062		11,372		35		—			83,469
Derivative liabilities ⁽⁴⁾	1,968		897,107		7,301		(868,969		)	37,407
Short-term borrowings	—		1,520		—		—			1,520
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	10,130		1,093		10		—			11,233
Long-term debt	—		45,045		1,990		—			47,035
Total liabilities	$	84,160	$	991,720	$	9,336	$	(868,969	)	$	216,247


⁽¹⁾	During 2013, $500 million of other assets were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 primarily due to a restriction that became effective for a private equity investment that was subsequently sold once the restriction was lifted.


⁽²⁾	Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.


⁽³⁾	Includes $17.2 billion of government-sponsored enterprise obligations.


⁽⁴⁾	For further disaggregation of derivative assets and liabilities, see Note 2 – Derivatives.




	December 31, 2012
	Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions)	Level 1 ⁽¹⁾		Level 2 ⁽¹⁾		Level 3		Netting Adjustments ⁽²⁾			Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell	$	—	$	98,670	$	—	$	—		$	98,670
Trading account assets:
U.S. government and agency securities ⁽³⁾	57,655		29,319		—		—			86,974
Corporate securities, trading loans and other	1,292		32,882		3,726		—			37,900
Equity securities	28,144		14,626		545		—			43,315
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	29,254		13,139		353		—			42,746
Mortgage trading loans and ABS	—		11,905		4,935		—			16,840
Total trading account assets	116,345		101,871		9,559		—			227,775
Derivative assets ⁽⁴⁾	2,997		1,372,398		8,073		(1,329,971		)	53,497
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	21,514		2,958		—		—			24,472
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	—		188,149		—		—			188,149
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations	—		37,538		—		—			37,538
Non-agency residential	—		9,494		—		—			9,494
Non-agency commercial	—		3,914		10		—			3,924
Non-U.S. securities	2,637		2,981		—		—			5,618
Corporate/Agency bonds	—		1,358		92		—			1,450
Other taxable securities	20		8,180		3,928		—			12,128
Tax-exempt securities	—		3,072		1,061		—			4,133
Total AFS debt securities	24,171		257,644		5,091		—			286,906
Other debt securities carried at fair value:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	491		—		—		—			491
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	—		13,073		—		—			13,073
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations	—		929		—		—			929
Non-U.S. securities	9,151		300		—		—			9,451
Total other debt securities carried at fair value	9,642		14,302		—		—			23,944
Loans and leases	—		6,715		2,287		—			9,002
Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		5,716		—			5,716
Loans held-for-sale	—		8,926		2,733		—			11,659
Other assets	18,535		4,826		3,129		—			26,490
Total assets	$	171,690	$	1,865,352	$	36,588	$	(1,329,971	)	$	743,659
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices	$	—	$	2,262	$	—	$	—		$	2,262
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase	—		42,639		—		—			42,639
Trading account liabilities:
U.S. government and agency securities	22,351		1,079		—		—			23,430
Equity securities	19,852		2,640		—		—			22,492
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	18,875		1,369		—		—			20,244
Corporate securities and other	487		6,870		64		—			7,421
Total trading account liabilities	61,565		11,958		64		—			73,587
Derivative liabilities ⁽⁴⁾	2,859		1,355,309		6,605		(1,318,757		)	46,016
Short-term borrowings	—		4,074		—		—			4,074
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	15,457		1,122		15		—			16,594
Long-term debt	—		46,860		2,301		—			49,161
Total liabilities	$	79,881	$	1,464,224	$	8,985	$	(1,318,757	)	$	234,333

⁽¹⁾

During 2012, $2.0 billion and $350 million of assets and liabilities were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2, and $785 million and $40 million of assets and liabilities were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1. Of the asset transfers from Level 1 to Level 2, $940 million was due to a restriction that became effective for a private equity investment during 2012, while $535 million of the transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 was due to the lapse of this restriction during 2012. The remaining transfers were the result of additional information associated with certain equities, derivative contracts and private equity investments.


⁽²⁾	Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.


⁽³⁾	Includes $30.6 billion of government-sponsored enterprise obligations.


⁽⁴⁾	For further disaggregation of derivative assets and liabilities, see Note 2 – Derivatives.

The following tables present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during 2013, 2012 and 2011, including net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and accumulated OCI.




Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements ⁽¹⁾

	2013
									Gross
(Dollars in millions)	Balance January 1 2013			Gains (Losses) in Earnings			Gains (Losses) in OCI		Purchases		Sales			Issuances			Settlements			Gross Transfers into Level 3			Gross Transfers out of Level 3			Balance December 31 2013
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other	$	3,726		$	242		$	—	$	3,848	$	(3,110	)	$	59		$	(651	)	$	890		$	(1,445	)	$	3,559
Equity securities	545			74			—		96		(175		)	—			(100		)	70			(124		)	386
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	353			50			—		122		(18		)	—			(36		)	2			(5		)	468
Mortgage trading loans and ABS	4,935			53			—		2,514		(1,993		)	—			(868		)	20			(30		)	4,631
Total trading account assets	9,559			419			—		6,580		(5,296		)	59			(1,655		)	982			(1,604		)	9,044
Net derivative assets ⁽²⁾	1,468			(297		)	—		824		(1,274		)	—			(1,362		)	(10		)	627			(24		)
AFS debt securities:
Commercial MBS	10			—			—		—		—			—			(10		)	—			—			—
Non-U.S. securities	—			5			2		1		(1		)	—			—			100			—			107
Corporate/Agency bonds	92			—			4		—		—			—			—			—			(96		)	—
Other taxable securities	3,928			9			15		1,055		—			—			(1,155		)	—			(5		)	3,847
Tax-exempt securities	1,061			3			19		—		—			—			(109		)	—			(168		)	806
Total AFS debt securities	5,091			17			40		1,056		(1		)	—			(1,274		)	100			(269		)	4,760
Loans and leases ^{(3, 4)}	2,287			98			—		310		(128		)	1,252			(757		)	19			(24		)	3,057
Mortgage servicing rights ⁽⁴⁾	5,716			1,941			—		—		(2,044		)	472			(1,043		)	—			—			5,042
Loans held-for-sale ⁽³⁾	2,733			62			—		8		(402		)	4			(1,507		)	34			(3		)	929
Other assets ⁽⁵⁾	3,129			(288		)	—		46		(383		)	—			(1,019		)	239			(55		)	1,669
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other	(64		)	10			—		43		(54		)	(5		)	—			(9		)	44			(35		)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities ⁽³⁾	(15		)	30			—		—		—			(751		)	724			(1		)	3			(10		)
Long-term debt ⁽³⁾	(2,301		)	13			—		358		(4		)	(172		)	258			(1,331		)	1,189			(1,990		)


⁽¹⁾	Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.


⁽²⁾	Net derivatives include derivative assets of $7.3 billion and derivative liabilities of $7.3 billion.


⁽³⁾	Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.


⁽⁴⁾	Issuances represent loan originations and mortgage servicing rights retained following securitizations or whole-loan sales.


⁽⁵⁾	Other assets is primarily comprised of private equity investments and certain long-term fixed-rate margin loans that are accounted for under the fair value option.

During 2013, the transfers into Level 3 included $982 million of trading account assets, $100 million of AFS debt securities, $239 million of other assets and $1.3 billion of long-term debt. Transfers into Level 3 for trading account assets were primarily the result of decreased third-party prices available for certain corporate loans and securities. Transfers into Level 3 for AFS debt securities were primarily due to decreased price observability. Transfers into Level 3 for other assets were primarily due to a lack of independent pricing data for certain receivables. Transfers into Level 3 for long-term debt were primarily due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of certain structured liabilities. Transfers occur on a regular basis for these long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.

During 2013, the transfers out of Level 3 included $1.6 billion of trading account assets, $627 million of net derivative assets, $269 million for AFS debt securities and $1.2 billion of long-term debt. Transfers out of Level 3 for trading account assets were primarily the result of increased market liquidity and third-party prices available for certain corporate loans and securities. Transfers out of Level 3 for net derivative assets were primarily due to increased price observability (i.e., market comparables for the referenced instruments) for certain options. Transfers out of Level 3 for AFS debt securities were primarily due to increased market liquidity. Transfers out of Level 3 for long-term debt were primarily due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of certain structured liabilities.




Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements ⁽¹⁾

	2012
									Gross
(Dollars in millions)	Balance January 1 2012			Gains (Losses) in Earnings			Gains (Losses) in OCI		Purchases			Sales			Issuances			Settlements			Gross Transfers into Level 3			Gross Transfers out of Level 3			Balance December 31 2012
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other ⁽²⁾	$	6,880		$	195		$	—	$	2,798		$	(4,556	)	$	—		$	(1,077	)	$	436		$	(950	)	$	3,726
Equity securities	544			31			—		201			(271		)	—			27			90			(77		)	545
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	342			8			—		388			(359		)	—			(5		)	—			(21		)	353
Mortgage trading loans and ABS ⁽²⁾	3,689			215			—		2,574			(1,536		)	—			(678		)	844			(173		)	4,935
Total trading account assets	11,455			449			—		5,961			(6,722		)	—			(1,733		)	1,370			(1,221		)	9,559
Net derivative assets ⁽³⁾	5,866			(221		)	—		893			(1,012		)	—			(3,328		)	(269		)	(461		)	1,468
AFS debt securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	37			—			—		—			—			—			(4		)	—			(33		)	—
Non-agency residential	860			(69		)	19		—			(306		)	—			(2		)	—			(502		)	—
Non-agency commercial	40			—			—		—			(24		)	—			(6		)	—			—			10
Corporate/Agency bonds	162			(2		)	—		(2		)	—			—			(39		)	—			(27		)	92
Other taxable securities	4,265			23			26		3,196			(28		)	—			(3,345		)	—			(209		)	3,928
Tax-exempt securities	2,648			61			20		—			(133		)	—			(1,535		)	—			—			1,061
Total AFS debt securities	8,012			13			65		3,194			(491		)	—			(4,931		)	—			(771		)	5,091
Loans and leases ^{(4, 5)}	2,744			334			—		564			(1,520		)	—			(274		)	450			(11		)	2,287
Mortgage servicing rights ⁽⁵⁾	7,378			(430		)	—		—			(122		)	374			(1,484		)	—			—			5,716
Loans held-for-sale ⁽⁴⁾	3,387			352			—		794			(834		)	—			(414		)	80			(632		)	2,733
Other assets ⁽⁶⁾	4,235			(54		)	—		109			(1,039		)	270			(381		)	—			(11		)	3,129
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other	(114		)	4			—		116			(136		)	—			80			(68		)	54			(64		)
Short-term borrowings ⁽⁴⁾	—			—			—		—			—			(232		)	232			—			—			—
Accrued expenses and other liabilities ⁽⁴⁾	(14		)	(4		)	—		8			—			(9		)	—			—			4			(15		)
Long-term debt ⁽⁴⁾	(2,943		)	(307		)	—		290			(33		)	(259		)	1,239			(2,040		)	1,752			(2,301		)


⁽¹⁾	Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.

⁽²⁾

During 2012, approximately $900 million was reclassified from Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other to Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans and ABS. In the table above, this reclassification is presented as a sale of Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other and as a purchase of Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans and ABS.


⁽³⁾	Net derivatives include derivative assets of $8.1 billion and derivative liabilities of $6.6 billion.


⁽⁴⁾	Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.


⁽⁵⁾	Issuances represent loan originations and mortgage servicing rights retained following securitizations or whole-loan sales.


⁽⁶⁾	Other assets is primarily comprised of net monoline exposure to a single counterparty and private equity investments.

During 2012, the transfers into Level 3 included $1.4 billion of trading account assets, $269 million of net derivative assets, $450 million of loans and leases, and $2.0 billion of long-term debt. Transfers into Level 3 for trading account assets were primarily the result of decreased market liquidity for certain corporate loans and updated information related to certain CLOs. Transfers into Level 3 for net derivative assets primarily related to decreased price observability for certain long-dated equity derivative liabilities due to a lack of independent pricing. Transfers into Level 3 for loans and leases were due to updated information related to certain commercial loans. Transfers into Level 3 for long-term debt were primarily due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of certain structured liabilities. Transfers occur on a regular basis for these long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.

During 2012, the transfers out of Level 3 included $1.2 billion of trading account assets, $461 million of net derivative assets, $771 million of AFS debt securities, $632 million of LHFS and $1.8 billion of long-term debt. Transfers out of Level 3 for trading account assets primarily related to increased market liquidity for certain corporate and commercial real estate loans. Transfers out of Level 3 for net derivative assets primarily related to increased price observability (i.e., market comparables for the referenced instruments) for certain total return swaps and foreign exchange swaps. Transfers out of Level 3 for AFS debt securities primarily related to increased price observability for certain non-agency RMBS and ABS. Transfers out of Level 3 for LHFS primarily related to increased observable inputs, primarily liquid comparables. Transfers out of Level 3 for long-term debt were primarily due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of certain structured liabilities.




Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements ⁽¹⁾

	2011
												Gross
(Dollars in millions)	Balance January 1 2011			Consolidation of VIEs		Gains (Losses) in Earnings			Gains (Losses) in OCI			Purchases		Sales			Issuances			Settlements			Gross Transfers into Level 3			Gross Transfers out of Level 3			Balance December 31 2011
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other	$	7,751		$	—	$	490		$	—		$	5,683	$	(6,664	)	$	—		$	(1,362	)	$	1,695		$	(713	)	$	6,880
Equity securities	557			—		49			—			335		(362		)	—			(140		)	132			(27		)	544
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	243			—		87			—			188		(137		)	—			(3		)	8			(44		)	342
Mortgage trading loans and ABS	6,908			—		442			—			2,222		(4,713		)	—			(440		)	75			(805		)	3,689
Total trading account assets	15,459			—		1,068			—			8,428		(11,876		)	—			(1,945		)	1,910			(1,589		)	11,455
Net derivative assets ⁽²⁾	7,745			—		5,199			—			1,235		(1,553		)	—			(7,779		)	1,199			(180		)	5,866
AFS debt securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	4			—		—			—			14		(11		)	—			—			34			(4		)	37
Agency collateralized-mortgage obligations	—			—		—			—			56		(56		)	—			—			—			—			—
Non-agency residential	1,468			—		(158		)	41			11		(307		)	—			(568		)	373			—			860
Non-agency commercial	19			—		—			—			15		—			—			—			6			—			40
Non-U.S. securities	3			—		—			—			—		—			—			—			88			(91		)	—
Corporate/Agency bonds	137			—		(12		)	(8		)	304		(17		)	—			—			7			(249		)	162
Other taxable securities	13,018			—		26			21			3,876		(2,245		)	—			(5,112		)	2			(5,321		)	4,265
Tax-exempt securities	1,224			—		21			(35		)	2,862		(92		)	—			(697		)	38			(673		)	2,648
Total AFS debt securities	15,873			—		(123		)	19			7,138		(2,728		)	—			(6,377		)	548			(6,338		)	8,012
Loans and leases ^{(3, 4)}	3,321			5,194		(55		)	—			21		(2,644		)	3,118			(1,830		)	5			(4,386		)	2,744
Mortgage servicing rights ⁽⁴⁾	14,900			—		(5,661		)	—			—		(896		)	1,656			(2,621		)	—			—			7,378
Loans held-for-sale ⁽³⁾	4,140			—		36			—			157		(483		)	—			(961		)	565			(67		)	3,387
Other assets ⁽⁵⁾	6,922			—		140			—			1,932		(2,391		)	—			(768		)	375			(1,975		)	4,235
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other	(7		)	—		4			—			133		(189		)	—			—			(65		)	10			(114		)
Short-term borrowings ⁽³⁾	(706		)	—		(30		)	—			—		—			—			86			—			650			—
Accrued expenses and other liabilities ⁽³⁾	(828		)	—		61			—			—		(2		)	(9		)	3			—			761			(14		)
Long-term debt ⁽³⁾	(2,986		)	—		(188		)	—			520		(72		)	(520		)	838			(2,111		)	1,576			(2,943		)


⁽¹⁾	Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.


⁽²⁾	Net derivatives include derivative assets of $14.4 billion and derivative liabilities of $8.5 billion.


⁽³⁾	Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.


⁽⁴⁾	Issuances represent loan originations and mortgage servicing rights retained following securitizations or whole-loan sales.


⁽⁵⁾	Other assets is primarily comprised of net monoline exposure to a single counterparty and private equity investments.

During 2011, the transfers into Level 3 included $1.9 billion of trading account assets, $1.2 billion of net derivative assets and $2.1 billion of long-term debt. Transfers into Level 3 for trading account assets were primarily certain CLOs, corporate loans and bonds that were transferred due to decreased market activity. Transfers into Level 3 for net derivative assets were the result of changes in the valuation methodology for certain total return swaps, in addition to increases in certain equity derivatives with significant unobservable inputs. Transfers into Level 3 for long-term debt were primarily due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of certain structured liabilities. Transfers occur on a regular basis for these long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.

During 2011, the transfers out of Level 3 included $1.6 billion of trading account assets, $6.3 billion of AFS debt securities, $4.4 billion of loans and leases, $2.0 billion of other assets and $1.6 billion of long-term debt. Transfers out of Level 3 for trading account assets were primarily due to increased price observability on certain RMBS, CMBS and consumer ABS portfolios, as well as certain corporate bond positions due to increased trading volume. Transfers out of Level 3 for AFS debt securities primarily related to auto, credit card and student loan ABS portfolios due to increased trading volume in the secondary market for similar securities. Transfers out of Level 3 for loans and leases were due to increased observable inputs, primarily liquid comparables, for certain corporate loans. Transfers out of Level 3 for other assets were primarily the result of an IPO of an equity investment. Transfers out of Level 3 for long-term debt were primarily due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of certain structured liabilities.

The following tables summarize gains (losses) due to changes in fair value, including both realized and unrealized gains (losses), recorded in earnings for Level 3 assets and liabilities during 2013, 2012 and 2011. These amounts include gains (losses) on loans, LHFS, loan commitments and structured liabilities that are accounted for under the fair value option.




Level 3 – Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings

	2013
(Dollars in millions)	Trading Account Profits (Losses)			Mortgage Banking Income (Loss) ⁽¹⁾			Other ⁽²⁾			Total
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other	$	242		$	—		$	—		$	242
Equity securities	74			—			—			74
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	50			—			—			50
Mortgage trading loans and ABS	53			—			—			53
Total trading account assets	419			—			—			419
Net derivative assets	(1,224		)	927			—			(297		)
AFS debt securities:
Non-U.S. securities	—			—			5			5
Other taxable securities	—			—			9			9
Tax-exempt securities	—			—			3			3
Total AFS debt securities	—			—			17			17
Loans and leases ⁽³⁾	—			(38		)	136			98
Mortgage servicing rights	—			1,941			—			1,941
Loans held-for-sale ⁽³⁾	—			2			60			62
Other assets	—			122			(410		)	(288		)
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other	10			—			—			10
Accrued expenses and other liabilities ⁽³⁾	—			30			—			30
Long-term debt ⁽³⁾	45			—			(32		)	13
Total	$	(750	)	$	2,984		$	(229	)	$	2,005

	2012
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other	$	195		$	—		$	—		$	195
Equity securities	31			—			—			31
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	8			—			—			8
Mortgage trading loans and ABS	215			—			—			215
Total trading account assets	449			—			—			449
Net derivative assets	(3,208		)	2,987			—			(221		)
AFS debt securities:
Non-agency residential MBS	—			—			(69		)	(69		)
Corporate/Agency bonds	—			—			(2		)	(2		)
Other taxable securities	2			—			21			23
Tax-exempt securities	—			—			61			61
Total AFS debt securities	2			—			11			13
Loans and leases ⁽³⁾	—			—			334			334
Mortgage servicing rights	—			(430		)	—			(430		)
Loans held-for-sale ⁽³⁾	—			148			204			352
Other assets	—			(74		)	20			(54		)
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other	4			—			—			4
Accrued expenses and other liabilities ⁽³⁾	—			—			(4		)	(4		)
Long-term debt⁽³⁾	(133		)	—			(174		)	(307		)
Total	$	(2,886	)	$	2,631		$	391		$	136


⁽¹⁾	Mortgage banking income (loss) does not reflect the impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges on MSRs.


⁽²⁾	Amounts included are primarily recorded in other income (loss). Equity investment gains of $84 million and $97 million recorded on other assets were also included for 2013 and 2012.


⁽³⁾	Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.




Level 3 – Total Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings (continued)

	2011
(Dollars in millions)	Trading Account Profits (Losses)			Mortgage Banking Income (Loss) ⁽¹⁾			Other ⁽²⁾			Total
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other	$	490		$	—		$	—		$	490
Equity securities	49			—			—			49
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	87			—			—			87
Mortgage trading loans and ABS	442			—			—			442
Total trading account assets	1,068			—			—			1,068
Net derivative assets	1,516			3,683			—			5,199
AFS debt securities:
Non-agency residential MBS	—			—			(158		)	(158		)
Corporate/Agency bonds	—			—			(12		)	(12		)
Other taxable securities	16			—			10			26
Tax-exempt securities	(3		)	—			24			21
Total AFS debt securities	13			—			(136		)	(123		)
Loans and leases ⁽³⁾	—			(13		)	(42		)	(55		)
Mortgage servicing rights	—			(5,661		)	—			(5,661		)
Loans held-for-sale ⁽³⁾	—			(108		)	144			36
Other assets	—			(51		)	191			140
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other	4			—			—			4
Short-term borrowings ⁽³⁾	—			(30		)	—			(30		)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities ⁽³⁾	(10		)	71			—			61
Long-term debt⁽³⁾	(106		)	—			(82		)	(188		)
Total	$	2,485		$	(2,109	)	$	75		$	451


⁽¹⁾	Mortgage banking income (loss) does not reflect the impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges on MSRs.


⁽²⁾	Amounts included are primarily recorded in other income (loss). Equity investment gains of $242 million recorded on other assets were also included for 2011.


⁽³⁾	Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.

The table below summarizes changes in unrealized gains (losses) recorded in earnings during 2013, 2012 and 2011 for Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. These amounts include changes in fair value on loans, LHFS, loan commitments and structured liabilities that are accounted for under the fair value option.




Level 3 – Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Relating to Assets and Liabilities Still Held at Reporting Date

	2013
(Dollars in millions)	Trading Account Profits (Losses)			Mortgage Banking Income (Loss) ⁽¹⁾			Other ⁽²⁾			Total
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other	$	(130	)	$	—		$	—		$	(130	)
Equity securities	40			—			—			40
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	80			—			—			80
Mortgage trading loans and ABS	(174		)	—			—			(174		)
Total trading account assets	(184		)	—			—			(184		)
Net derivative assets	(1,375		)	42			—			(1,333		)
Loans and leases ⁽³⁾	—			(34		)	152			118
Mortgage servicing rights	—			1,541			—			1,541
Loans held-for-sale ⁽³⁾	—			6			57			63
Other assets	—			166			14			180
Long-term debt ⁽³⁾	(4		)	—			(32		)	(36		)
Total	$	(1,563	)	$	1,721		$	191		$	349

	2012
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other	$	(19	)	$	—		$	—		$	(19	)
Equity securities	17			—			—			17
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	20			—			—			20
Mortgage trading loans and ABS	36			—			—			36
Total trading account assets	54			—			—			54
Net derivative assets	(2,782		)	456			—			(2,326		)
AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities	2			—			—			2
Loans and leases ⁽³⁾	—			—			214			214
Mortgage servicing rights	—			(1,100		)	—			(1,100		)
Loans held-for-sale ⁽³⁾	—			112			168			280
Other assets	—			(71		)	50			(21		)
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other	4			—			—			4
Accrued expenses and other liabilities ⁽³⁾	—			—			(2		)	(2		)
Long-term debt ⁽³⁾	(136		)	—			(173		)	(309		)
Total	$	(2,858	)	$	(603	)	$	257		$	(3,204	)

	2011
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other	$	(86	)	$	—		$	—		$	(86	)
Equity securities	(60		)	—			—			(60		)
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	101			—			—			101
Mortgage trading loans and ABS	30			—			—			30
Total trading account assets	(15		)	—			—			(15		)
Net derivative assets	1,430			133			—			1,563
AFS debt securities:
Non-agency residential MBS	—			—			(195		)	(195		)
Corporate/Agency bonds	—			—			(14		)	(14		)
Other taxable securities	—			—			13			13
Total AFS debt securities	—			—			(196		)	(196		)
Loans and leases ⁽³⁾	—			—			94			94
Mortgage servicing rights	—			(6,958		)	—			(6,958		)
Loans held-for-sale ⁽³⁾	—			(87		)	5			(82		)
Other assets	—			(53		)	(772		)	(825		)
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other	3			—			—			3
Long-term debt ⁽³⁾	(107		)	—			(94		)	(201		)
Total	$	1,311		$	(6,965	)	$	(963	)	$	(6,617	)


⁽¹⁾	Mortgage banking income (loss) does not reflect the impact of Level 1 and Level 2 hedges on MSRs.


⁽²⁾	Amounts included are primarily recorded in other income (loss). Equity investment gains of $60 million and $141 million, and losses of $309 million recorded on other assets were also included for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.


⁽³⁾	Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.

The following tables present information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Corporation’s material categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities at December 31, 2013 and 2012.




Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013

(Dollars in millions)					Inputs
Financial Instrument	Fair Value			Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Ranges of Inputs	Weighted Average
Loans and Securities ⁽¹⁾
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets	$	3,443		Discounted cash flow, Market comparables	Yield	2% to 25%	6	%
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans and ABS	363				Prepayment speed	0% to 35% CPR	9	%
Loans and leases	2,151				Default rate	1% to 20% CDR	6	%
Loans held-for-sale	929				Loss severity	21% to 80%	35	%
Commercial loans, debt securities and other	$	12,135		Discounted cash flow, Market comparables	Yield	0% to 45%	5	%
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other	3,462				Enterprise value/EBITDA multiple	0x to 24x	7	x
Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt	468				Prepayment speed	5% to 40%	19	%
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans and ABS	4,268				Default rate	1% to 5%	4	%
AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities	3,031				Loss severity	25% to 42%	36	%
Loans and leases	906				Duration	1 year to 5 years	4 years
Auction rate securities	$	1,719		Discounted cash flow, Market comparables	Projected tender price/Refinancing level	60% to 100%	96	%
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other	97				Projected tender price/Refinancing level
AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities	816
AFS debt securities – Tax-exempt securities	806
Structured liabilities
Long-term debt	$	(1,990	)	Industry standard derivative pricing ^{(2, 3)}	Equity correlation	18% to 98%	70	%
					Long-dated volatilities	4% to 63%	27	%
					Correlation (IR/IR)	24% to 99%	60	%
					Long-dated inflation rates	0% to 3%	2	%
					Long-dated inflation volatilities	0% to 2%	1	%
Net derivatives assets
Credit derivatives	$	1,008		Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation model	Yield	3% to 25%	14	%
					Upfront points	0 points to 100 points	63 points
					Spread to index	-1,407 bps to 1,741 bps	91 bps
					Credit correlation	14% to 99%	47	%
					Prepayment speed	3% to 40% CPR	13	%
					Default rate	1% to 5% CDR	3	%
					Loss severity	20% to 42%	35	%
Equity derivatives	$	(1,596	)	Industry standard derivative pricing ⁽²⁾	Equity correlation	18% to 98%	70	%
				Industry standard derivative pricing ⁽²⁾	Long-dated volatilities	4% to 63%	27	%
Commodity derivatives	$	6		Discounted cash flow, Industry standard derivative pricing ⁽²⁾	Natural gas forward price	$3/MMBtu to $11/MMBtu	$6/MMBtu
					Correlation	47% to 89%	81	%
					Volatilities	9% to 109%	30	%
Interest rate derivatives	$	558		Industry standard derivative pricing ⁽³⁾	Correlation (IR/IR)	24% to 99%	60	%
					Correlation (FX/IR)	-30% to 40%	-4	%
					Long-dated inflation rates	0% to 3%	2	%
					Long-dated inflation volatilities	0% to 2%	1	%
					Long-dated volatilities (FX)	0% to 70%	10	%
Total net derivative assets	$	(24	)

⁽¹⁾

The categories are aggregated based upon product type which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 260: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $3.6 billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $468 million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans and ABS of $4.6 billion, AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities of $3.8 billion, AFS debt securities – Tax-exempt securities of $806 million, Loans and leases of $3.1 billion and LHFS of $929 million.


⁽²⁾	Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.


⁽³⁾	Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.

CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate

CDR = Constant Default Rate

EBITDA = Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization

MMBtu = Million British thermal units

IR = Interest Rate

FX = Foreign Exchange




Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for Loans, Securities and Structured Liabilities at December 31, 2012

(Dollars in millions)					Inputs ⁽¹⁾
Financial Instrument	Fair Value			Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Ranges of Inputs	Weighted Average
Loans and Securities ⁽²⁾
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets	$	4,478		Discounted cash flow, Market comparables	Yield	2% to 25%	6	%
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans and ABS	459				Prepayment speed	1% to 30% CPR	10	%
Loans and leases	1,286				Default rate	0% to 44% CDR	6	%
Loans held-for-sale	2,733				Loss severity	6% to 85%	43	%
Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets	$	1,910		Discounted cash flow	Yield	5%	n/a
Other assets	1,910			Discounted cash flow	Loss severity	51% to 100%	88	%
Commercial loans, debt securities and other	$	10,778		Discounted cash flow, Market comparables	Yield	0% to 25%	4	%
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other	2,289				Enterprise value/EBITDA multiple	2x to 11x	5	x
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans and ABS	4,476				Prepayment speed	5% to 30%	20	%
AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities	3,012				Default rate	1% to 5%	4	%
Loans and leases	1,001				Loss severity	25% to 40%	35	%
Auction rate securities	$	3,414		Discounted cash flow, Market comparables	Discount rate	4% to 5%	4	%
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other	1,437				Projected tender price/Refinancing level	50% to 100%	92	%
AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities	916				Projected tender price/Refinancing level
AFS debt securities – Tax-exempt securities	1,061
Structured liabilities
Long-term debt	$	(2,301	)	Industry standard derivative pricing ⁽³⁾	Equity correlation	30% to 97%	n/m
				Industry standard derivative pricing ⁽³⁾	Long-dated volatilities	20% to 70%	n/m




Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for Net Derivative Assets at December 31, 2012

(Dollars in millions)					Inputs ⁽¹⁾
Financial Instrument	Fair Value			Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Ranges of Inputs
Net derivatives assets
Credit derivatives	$	2,327		Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation model	Yield	2% to 25%
					Credit spreads	58 bps to 615 bps
					Upfront points	25 points to 99 points
					Spread to index	-2,080 bps to 1,972 bps
					Credit correlation	19% to 75%
					Prepayment speed	3% to 30% CPR
					Default rate	0% to 8% CDR
					Loss severity	25% to 42%
Equity derivatives	$	(1,295	)	Industry standard derivative pricing ⁽³⁾	Equity correlation	30% to 97%
				Industry standard derivative pricing ⁽³⁾	Long-dated volatilities	20% to 70%
Commodity derivatives	$	(5	)	Discounted cash flow	Natural gas forward price	$3/MMBtu to $12/MMBtu
Interest rate derivatives	$	441		Industry standard derivative pricing ⁽⁴⁾	Correlation (IR/IR)	15% to 99%
					Correlation (FX/IR)	-65% to 50%
					Long-dated inflation rates	2% to 3%
					Long--dated inflation volatilities	0% to 1%
					Long-dated volatilities (FX)	5% to 36%
					Long-dated swap rates	8% to 10%
Total net derivative assets	$	1,468


⁽¹⁾	At December 31, 2012, weighted averages were disclosed for all loans and securities. For more information on the ranges of inputs for significant unobservable inputs for structured liabilities and net derivative assets, see the qualitative discussion on page 268.

⁽²⁾

The categories are aggregated based upon product type which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 261: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $3.7 billion, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans and ABS of $4.9 billion, AFS debt securities – Other taxable securities of $3.9 billion, AFS debt securities – Tax-exempt securities of $1.1 billion, Loans and leases of $2.3 billion, LHFS of $2.7 billion and Other assets of $1.9 billion.


⁽³⁾	Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.


⁽⁴⁾	Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.

n/a = not applicable

n/m = not meaningful

CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate

CDR = Constant Default Rate

EBITDA = Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization

MMBtu = Million British thermal units

IR = Interest Rate

FX = Foreign Exchange

In the tables above, instruments backed by residential and commercial real estate assets include RMBS, CMBS, whole loans, mortgage CDOs and net monoline exposure. Commercial loans, debt securities and other includes corporate CLOs and CDOs, commercial loans and bonds, and securities backed by non-real estate assets. Structured liabilities primarily include equity-linked notes that are accounted for under the fair value option.

In addition to the instruments in the tables above, the Corporation held $767 million and $1.2 billion of instruments at December 31, 2013 and 2012 consisting primarily of certain direct private equity investments and private equity funds that were classified as Level 3 and reported within other assets. Valuations of direct private equity investments are based on the most recent company financial information. Inputs generally include market and acquisition comparables, entry level multiples, as well as other variables. The Corporation selects a valuation methodology (e.g., market comparables) for each investment and, in certain instances, multiple inputs are weighted to derive the most representative value. Discounts are applied as appropriate to consider the lack of liquidity and marketability versus publicly-traded companies. For private equity funds, fair value is determined using the net asset value as provided by the individual fund’s general partner.

The Corporation uses multiple market approaches in valuing certain of its Level 3 financial instruments. For example, market comparables and discounted cash flows are used together. For a given product, such as corporate debt securities, market comparables may be used to estimate some of the unobservable inputs and then these inputs are incorporated into a discounted cash flow model. Therefore, the balances disclosed encompass both of these techniques.

The level of aggregation and diversity within the products disclosed in the tables result in certain ranges of inputs being wide and unevenly distributed across asset and liability categories. At December 31, 2013, weighted averages are disclosed for all loans, securities, structured liabilities and net derivative assets. At December 31, 2012, weighted averages were disclosed for all loans and securities.

For credit derivatives, the range of credit spreads represented positions with varying levels of default risk to the underlying instruments. The lower end of the credit spread range typically represented shorter-dated instruments and those with better perceived credit risk. The higher end of the range represented longer-dated instruments and those referencing debt issuances that were more likely to be impaired or nonperforming. At December 31, 2012, the majority of inputs were concentrated in the lower end of the range. Similarly, the spread to index could vary significantly based on the risk of the instrument. The spread will be positive for instruments that have a higher risk of default than the index (which is based on a weighted average of its components) and negative for instruments that have a lower risk of default than the index. At December 31, 2012, inputs were distributed evenly throughout the range for spread to index. In addition, for yield and credit correlation, the majority of the inputs were concentrated in the center of the range. Inputs were concentrated in the middle to lower end of the range for upfront points. The range for loss severity reflected exposures that were concentrated in the middle to upper end of the range while the ranges for prepayment speed and default rates reflected exposures that were concentrated in the lower end of the range.

For equity derivatives at December 31, 2012, including those embedded in long-term debt, the range for equity correlation represented exposure primarily concentrated toward the upper end of the range. The range for long-dated volatilities represented exposure primarily concentrated toward the lower end of the range.

For interest rate derivatives, the diversity in the portfolio was reflected in wide ranges of inputs because the variety of currencies and tenors of the transactions required the use of numerous foreign exchange and interest rate curves. Since foreign exchange and interest rate correlations were measured between curves and across the various tenors on the same curve, the range of potential values could include both negative and positive values. For the correlation (IR/IR) range, the exposure represented the valuation of interest rate correlations on less liquid pairings and was concentrated at the upper end of the range at December 31, 2012. For the correlation (FX/IR) range, the exposure was the sensitivity to a broad mix of interest rate and foreign exchange correlations and was distributed evenly throughout the range at December 31, 2012. For long-dated inflation rates and volatilities as well as long-dated volatilities (FX), the inputs were concentrated in the middle of the range.

For more information on the inputs and techniques used in the valuation of MSRs, see Note 23 – Mortgage Servicing Rights.

Sensitivity of Fair Value Measurements to Changes in Unobservable Inputs

Loans and Securities

For instruments backed by residential real estate assets, commercial real estate assets, and commercial loans, debt securities and other, a significant increase in market yields, default rates, loss severities or duration would result in a significantly lower fair value for long positions. Short positions would be impacted in a directionally opposite way. The impact of changes in prepayment speeds would have differing impacts depending on the seniority of the instrument and, in the case of CLOs, whether prepayments can be reinvested.

For closed-end auction rate securities (ARS), a significant increase in discount rates would result in a significantly lower fair value. For student loan and municipal ARS, a significant increase in projected tender price/refinancing levels would result in a significantly higher fair value.

Structured Liabilities and Derivatives

For credit derivatives, a significant increase in market yield, including spreads to indices, upfront points (i.e., a single upfront payment made by a protection buyer at inception), credit spreads, default rates or loss severities would result in a significantly lower fair value for protection sellers and higher fair value for protection buyers. The impact of changes in prepayment speeds would have differing impacts depending on the seniority of the instrument and, in the case of CLOs, whether prepayments can be reinvested.

Structured credit derivatives, which include tranched portfolio CDS and derivatives with derivative product company (DPC) and monoline counterparties, are impacted by credit correlation, including default and wrong-way correlation. Default correlation is a parameter that describes the degree of dependence among credit default rates within a credit portfolio that underlies a credit derivative instrument. The sensitivity of this input on the fair value varies depending on the level of subordination of the tranche. For senior tranches that are net purchases of protection, a significant increase in default correlation would result in a significantly higher fair value. Net short protection positions would be impacted in a directionally opposite way. Wrong-way correlation is a parameter that describes the probability that, as exposure to a counterparty increases, the credit quality of the counterparty decreases. A significantly higher degree of wrong-way correlation between a DPC counterparty and underlying derivative exposure would result in a significantly lower fair value.

For equity derivatives, interest rate derivatives and structured liabilities, a significant change in long-dated rates and volatilities and correlation inputs (e.g., the degree of correlation between an equity security and an index, between two different interest rates, or between interest rates and foreign exchange rates) would result in a significant impact to the fair value; however, the magnitude and direction of the impact depends on whether the Corporation is long or short the exposure.

Nonrecurring Fair Value

The Corporation holds certain assets that are measured at fair value, but only in certain situations (e.g., impairment) and these measurements are referred to herein as nonrecurring. These assets primarily include LHFS, certain loans and leases, and foreclosed properties. The amounts below represent only balances measured at fair value during 2013, 2012 and 2011, and still held as of the reporting date.




Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

	December 31
	2013					2012
(Dollars in millions)	Level 2		Level 3			Level 2			Level 3
Assets
Loans held-for-sale	$	2,138	$	115		$	5,692		$	1,136
Loans and leases	18		5,240			21			9,184
Foreclosed properties ⁽¹⁾	12		1,258			33			1,918
Other assets	88		—			36			12

			Gains (Losses)
			2013			2012			2011
Assets
Loans held-for-sale			$	(71	)	$	(24	)	$	(188	)
Loans and leases ⁽²⁾			(1,104		)	(3,116		)	(4,813		)
Foreclosed properties ⁽¹⁾			(39		)	(47		)	(167		)
Other assets			(20		)	(16		)	—


⁽¹⁾	Amounts are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and represent fair value of, and related losses on, foreclosed properties that were written down subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed properties.


⁽²⁾	Losses represent charge-offs on real estate-secured loans.

The table below presents information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Corporation’s nonrecurring Level 3 financial assets and liabilities at December 31, 2013 and 2012.




Quantitative Information about Nonrecurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

	December 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)				Inputs
Financial Instrument	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Ranges of Inputs		Weighted Average
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets	$	5,240	Market comparables	OREO discount	0% to 19%		8	%
Loans and leases	5,240		Market comparables	Cost to sell	8	%	n/a



	December 31, 2012
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets	$	9,932	Discounted cash flow, Market comparables	Yield	3% to 5%		3	%
Loans held-for-sale	748			Prepayment speed	3% to 30%		15	%
Loans and leases	9,184			Default rate	0% to 55%		7	%
				Loss severity	6% to 66%		48	%
				OREO discount	0% to 28%		15	%
				Cost to sell	8	%	n/a
Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets	$	388	Discounted cash flow	Yield	4% to 13%		6	%
Loans held-for-sale	388		Discounted cash flow	Loss severity	24% to 88%		53	%

n/a = not applicable

Instruments backed by residential real estate assets represent residential mortgages where the loan has been written down to the fair value of the underlying collateral or, in the case of LHFS, are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. In addition to the instruments disclosed in the table above, the Corporation holds foreclosed residential properties where the fair value is based on unadjusted third-party appraisals or broker price opinions. Appraisals are generally conducted every 90 days. Factors considered in determining the fair value include geographic sales trends, the value of comparable surrounding properties as well as the condition of the property.

BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/ | 2013 | FY |

us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock