| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined Benefit Pension Plans | Nonpension Postretirement Benefit Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Plans | Non-U.S. Plans | U.S. Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Change in benefit obligation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at January 1 | $ | 56,810 | $ | 54,085 | $ | 49,319 | $ | 42,861 | $ | 5,282 | $ | 5,273 | $ | 1,019 | $ | 901 | ||||||||||
| Service cost | — | — | 501 | 443 | 35 | 36 | 10 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 1,980 | 2,196 | 1,524 | 1,779 | 164 | 200 | 60 | 64 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Plan participants’ contributions | — | — | 42 | 47 | 191 | 200 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions/divestitures, net | — | — | 89 | 26 | (2) | 2 | (0) | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial losses/(gains) | (4,344) | 3,810 | (362) | 6,365 | (481) | 104 | (89) | 76 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid from trust | (3,303) | (3,184) | (1,920) | (1,987) | (557) | (551) | (6) | (6) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Direct benefit payments | (108) | (97) | (464) | (454) | (43) | (35) | (28) | (27) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange impact | — | — | (115) | 77 | — | — | (89) | (24) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Medicare/Government subsidies | — | — | — | — | 30 | 53 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendments/curtailments/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| settlements/other | — | — | 6 | 161 | 15 | — | (44) | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at December 31 | $ | 51,034 | $ | 56,810 | $ | 48,620 | $ | 49,319 | $ | 4,633 | $ | 5,282 | $ | 832 | $ | 1,019 | ||||||||||
| Change in plan assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at January 1 | $ | 53,630 | $ | 51,218 | $ | 38,058 | $ | 35,362 | $ | 433 | $ | 38 | $ | 119 | $ | 112 | ||||||||||
| Actual return on plan assets | 3,626 | 5,596 | 2,515 | 3,742 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Employer contributions | — | — | 449 | 557 | 110 | 746 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions/divestitures, net | — | — | 35 | 40 | — | — | 0 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Plan participants’ contributions | — | — | 42 | 47 | 191 | 200 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid from trust | (3,303) | (3,184) | (1,920) | (1,987) | (557) | (551) | (6) | (6) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange impact | — | — | 121 | 305 | — | — | (14) | (8) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amendments/curtailments/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| settlements/other | — | — | 164 | * | (8) | — | — | (12) | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31 | $ | 53,954 | $ | 53,630 | $ | 39,464 | $ | 38,058 | $ | 177 | $ | 433 | $ | 92 | $ | 119 | ||||||||||
| Funded status at December 31 | $ | 2,920 | $ | (3,180) | $ | (9,157) | $ | (11,261) | $ | (4,456) | $ | (4,849) | $ | (740) | $ | (900) | ||||||||||
| Accumulated benefit obligation** | $ | 51,034 | $ | 56,810 | $ | 47,806 | $ | 48,369 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
* Includes the reinstatement of certain plan assets in Brazil due to government rulings in 2011 and 2013 allowing certain previously restricted plan assets to be returned to IBM. The assets will be returned to IBM monthly over a three-year period, starting June 2011 and September 2013 respectively, with approximately $204 million returned during 2013. The remaining surplus in Brazil at December 31, 2013 remains excluded from total plan assets due to continued restrictions imposed by the government on the use of those plan assets.
** Represents the benefit obligation assuming no future participant compensation increases.
N/A—Not applicable